Abstract
Objective: To assess pillbox fill accuracy and cognition among community-dwelling older adults.
Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Setting: Retail pharmacy.
Participants: Convenience sample of English-speaking adults older than 60 years of age without dementia, taking more than four medications, and naive to Mediset use.
Interventions: In face-to-face interviews, subjects provided demographic, medical, and medication information, completed the Mini-Cog and Medi-Cog (combination of Mini-Cog and medication-transfer screen [MTS]), and filled their own medications in a pillbox. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise regression analysis with correctly filled pill count (PC) as the dependent variable and the cognitive screens as independent variables.
Main outcome measures: Accuracy of the Mini-Cog, MTS, and Medi-Cog in predicting PC.
Results: Among 50 subjects (58% female, mean age 76.4 years), only one subject failed to pass the Mini-Cog and two failed to reach the criterion level of correctly filled PC. The mean (standard deviation) Mini-Cog score for the sample was 4.38 (0.81), MTS score was 4.1 (1.31), Medi-Cog score was 8.48 (1.82), and the mean PC was 97% (8%). The Mini-Cog and MTS individually accounted for about 30% of the variance (P < 0.001); the Medi-Cog accounted for 44% of the variance (P < 0.001), indicating strongest PC prediction.
Conclusion: Nearly all study participants filled pillboxes accurately. The Medi-Cog was the strongest predictor of pillbox fill accuracy. Future studies of medication self-management abilities among community-dwelling older adults should include representative samples of this population, comprehensive assessment of health status, cognitive screening, pillbox fill accuracy, and the utilization of medications in filled pillboxes.
Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Setting: Retail pharmacy.
Participants: Convenience sample of English-speaking adults older than 60 years of age without dementia, taking more than four medications, and naive to Mediset use.
Interventions: In face-to-face interviews, subjects provided demographic, medical, and medication information, completed the Mini-Cog and Medi-Cog (combination of Mini-Cog and medication-transfer screen [MTS]), and filled their own medications in a pillbox. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise regression analysis with correctly filled pill count (PC) as the dependent variable and the cognitive screens as independent variables.
Main outcome measures: Accuracy of the Mini-Cog, MTS, and Medi-Cog in predicting PC.
Results: Among 50 subjects (58% female, mean age 76.4 years), only one subject failed to pass the Mini-Cog and two failed to reach the criterion level of correctly filled PC. The mean (standard deviation) Mini-Cog score for the sample was 4.38 (0.81), MTS score was 4.1 (1.31), Medi-Cog score was 8.48 (1.82), and the mean PC was 97% (8%). The Mini-Cog and MTS individually accounted for about 30% of the variance (P < 0.001); the Medi-Cog accounted for 44% of the variance (P < 0.001), indicating strongest PC prediction.
Conclusion: Nearly all study participants filled pillboxes accurately. The Medi-Cog was the strongest predictor of pillbox fill accuracy. Future studies of medication self-management abilities among community-dwelling older adults should include representative samples of this population, comprehensive assessment of health status, cognitive screening, pillbox fill accuracy, and the utilization of medications in filled pillboxes.
| Original language | American English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 26 |
| Pages (from-to) | 256-263 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Journal of Pharmacy Practice |
| Volume | 25 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 2 2011 |